E kgothalletswa bakeng sa ho monya ka katleho dimolekhule tse itseng ka hara metsi le dikgase, le bakeng sa ho tlosa turbidity e nyane haholo ya semi-colloidal ka katleho.
● Sekhahla sa phallo se itekanetseng
● Bokhoni bo matla ba ho monya
● Bonyane 50% ea khabone e butsoeng

●Tlhaloso ea lintho tse ntšitsoeng mobung, tsa serum ea mik, tsa litharollo tsa starch le litharollo tse nang le tsoekere pele ho polarimetry le refractometry.
●Ho hlwekisa moya ho monya iodine 131
● Ho sefa ditharollo tsa electroplating
| Sehlopha | Matlo | Sefe Herzberg (s) | Boima (g/m²) | Botenya (mm) |
| 900 | mahareng | 360 | 170 | 0.38 |